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PARAM.HLP
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1991-06-17
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12KB
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#
#
|---------------B A T C H L R N H E L P S Y S T E M-----------------|
|commandS:Various paramters used in commands, including batch cmds. |
|use:To modify or otherwise change the effect of the command. |
| |
|how:Type <command> <parameter> or use parameters in batch files. |
| |
|examples:There are many batch files on this disk you can study to |
| see how Parameters work. Also see examples included below. |
| |
|explanation:Parameters are extra pieces of information that you type |
| after many DOS cmnds.or in batch file instructions.DIR B:/W,for ex- |
| ample, illustrates modification of the DOS command DIR. By adding |
| the parameters B: and /W you are modifying basic operation of the |
| command. You pass parameters to batch files the same way--by typing |
| the information after the batch command, but BEFORE typing the |
| balance of the information. This process is called "testing". This |
| will seem complicated at first, but once you get the hang of it you |
| will wonder why you didn't know about batch processing (replaceable)|
| parameters before. Parameters may be used any place in a batch file |
| they are needed to "test" for the presence of something you typed, |
| (or DIDN'T TYPE) at the prompt (it WILL get clearer!). |
| The secret to understanding batch file parameters is to slowly work |
| into the subject. The batch processing file uses parameters in sev- |
| eral ways as it is being run and this (at first) makes comprehension|
| difficult. "Markers" are used within the batch file as "signals" as |
| to wh/parameter goes where. Markers are comprised of a percent sign |
| (%) and a single digit between 0 and 9 (that's ten markers in use |
| at any one time--remember that zero is a number). The %0 is ALWAYS |
| the NAME OF THE BATCH PROCESSING FILE! As if it wasn't confusing |
| enough already, many manuals refer to markers as simply "variables".|
| The name, obviously, is not as important as the concept. To cover |
| this, however, we also have a file called:VAR.HLP. It covers the |
| fact that THERE IS a difference between parameters and variables. |
| |
| examples: Assume that a batch file named COLORGO.BAT is on the cur- |
| rent drive. This file contains ONLY a single command: |
| ECHO %0 %1 %2 %3 [ECHO shows messages on the screen]. |
| If, at the DOS prompt, you typed: COLORGO Red Blue Green THAT cmd. |
| would recognize that FOUR parameters were passed to the batch file. |
| The batch file via the ECHO would display them on the screen in the |
| order received (0=colorgo{name of .BAT file}; %1=red; %2=blue & %3= |
| green) in the form you typed in. The parameters and markers were |
| related,(to restate),as follows... ECHO COLORGO Red Blue Green |
| %0 %1 %2 %3 |
| TO EXPLAIN REPLACEABLE PARAMETERS ANOTHER WAY: |
| You can include dummy parameters within your batch file which DOS |
| will replace with values you supply on the command line when exe- |
| cuting the file. Using replaceable parameters allows you to specify |
| DIFFERENT sets of data every time you run the batch file. You can |
| use up to 10 parameters; if more are needed, the shift command (SEE |
| SHIFT.HLP)can be used to extend the available set. Note that OTHER |
| areas in the batch file can recognize the %X parameters as well.For |
| example, you might want a message: ECHO ...WORK COMPLETE ON %1 |
| the batch file would repeat the message but replace %1 with the name|
| you typed on the command or prompt line. Examine the .BAT files on |
| this disk to see many examples of how this is accomplished. |
| Another example of replaceable parameters is shown below: |
| |
| FINDIT B: ROUND BLUE |
| |
| When you type in a command, the command itself (FINDIT) is para- |
| meter %0. The parameter following the COMMAND (B:) is %1, and so on.|
| In the example, therefore, ROUND=%1 and BLUE=%2 (a % for each word) |
| All parameters following the cmd.take on succesive parameter values.|
| |
| Here is another way to illustrate parameters (the loop file): |
| LOOP MYDEMO.DOC |
| REM - LOOP BATCH FILE FOR %1 |
| TYPE %1 |
| . |
| . (MYDEMO.DOC {%!} is displayed) |
| . |
| CLS |
| LOOP |
| REM - LOOP BATCH FILE FOR %1 |
| . |
| . (FILE IS DISPLAYED again) |
| . |
| FILE WILL KEEP GOING UNTIL YOU CTRL C OR CTRL-BREAK |
| |
| While not particularly useful,this batch file serves to demonstrate |
| replaceable parameters. There are a few ways in which such a file |
| (looping batch file) like the one above could be used. It could |
| continuously run a software demonstration package or graphics |
| animation program with a loop. You could also test the integrity of |
| hardware by running a continuous test program over and over until |
| you stopped it. |
| |
| Here's an experiment with replaceable parameters you can try: |
| (Create the following file) |
| COPY CON:SEEFILE.BAT |
| TYPE %1 |
| TYPE %2 |
| TYPE %3 |
| <F6> <RETURN> |
| This batch file will display,using TYPE,the files that you specify |
| as the first,second, and third parameters on the command line. Each |
| filename.ext type would be typed in the order requested, on the CRT.|
| screen. You could also use *.* (wildcards) as %1 and it would dis- |
| play a whole group of files ( or *.DOC to display THOSE files). You |
| could also use *.DOC as %1; *.TXT as %2, etc. When you use MULTIPLE |
| PARAMETERS in a batch file they MUST be separated by spaces. To ill-|
| ustrate:Often you have repetitive tasks which are quite similar,per-|
| haps differing only by the file being processed. A parameter is used|
| to provide a file name to the .BAT file. This way, a batch file can |
| immediately perform a task for you without having to be specially |
| edited to match your current needs. For example, INFORM.BAT : |
| |
| On monday: |
| INFORM THUR.DAT FRI.DAT SAT.DAT SUN.DAT |
| On thursday: |
| INFORM MON.DAT TUE.DAT WED.DAT |
| Up to 10 parameters may be used. Our example, INFORM.BAT would have |
| a command line in its body. It could be COPY %1 + %2 + %3 + %4=A:RE-|
| PORT (which would copy the files into ONE called REPORT which could |
| then be renamed whatever you wanted). Or you could give a PRINT cmd.|
| such as: PRINT %1 %2 %3 %4. There is no limit to your instructions. |
| REVIEW THE .BAT FILES ON THIS DISK WITH PARAMETERS |
| |
| There may be times when you want to create an application program |
| and run it with different sets of data. This data may be stored |
| in various DOS files. Let's illustrate this & then examine our work.|
| For example, when you type the command line COPY CON DOFILE.BAT, |
| the next lines you type are copied from the console to a file named |
| DOFILE.BAT on the default drive: |
| COPY CON DOFILE.BAT |
| COPY %1.INF+%2.INF=%2.PRN |
| TYPE %2.PRN |
| PRINT %2.PRN |
| Now press <F6> or <ctrl/z> and then press <return>. DOS responds: |
| "1 file(s) copied" |
| The file DOFILE.BAT, which consists of three commands, now resides |
| on the disk in the default drive. It stands ready for variables! |
| The dummy parameters %1 and %2 are replaced sequentially by the |
| parameters you supply when you execute the file. The dummy parameter|
| %0 is always replaced by the drive designator, if specified, and |
| the filename of the batch file (for example:DOFILE).Now let's do it!|
| To execute the batch file DOFILE.BAT and to specify the parameters |
| that will replace the dummy param.(markers),you must type the batch |
| file name(without its extension) followed by the parameters you |
| want DOS to substitute for %1, %2, etc. Let's look at what happens: |
| |
| (Remember that the file DOFILE.BAT consists of 3 lines): |
| COPY %1.INF+%2.INF=%2.PRN
| TYPE %2.PRN |
| PRINT %2.PRN |
| To execute the batch processing file, DOFILE you might type: |
| DOFILE A:DATA1 B:DATA2 |
| DOFILE is substituted for %0, A:DATA1 for %1, and B:DATA2 for %2. |
| (notice how the drives can be inserted) |
| The result is the same as if you had typed each of the commands in |
| DOFILE with their parameters, as follows: |
| COPY A:DATA1.INF+B:DATA2.INF=DATA2.PRN [COPY DATA1&DATA2=DATA2.PRN] |
| TYPE B:DATA2.PRN [DISPLAYING THE COMBINED FILE] |
| PRINT B:DATA2.PRN [PRINT THE COMBINED FILE] |
| The following illustrates how DOS replaces each of the parameters: |
| BATCH PARAMETER1 (%0) PARAMETER2 (%1) PARAMETER3 (%2) |
| FILENAME (DOFILE) (DATA1) (DATA2) |
| DOFILE DOFILE.BAT DATA1.INF DATA2.INF |
| DATA2.PRN |
| |
| NOTES |
| 1. Up to 10 dummy parameters (%0-%9) can be specified. Refer to the |
| DOS command SHIFT if you wish to specify more than 10 parameters. |
| 2. If you use the percent sign as part of a FILE NAME within a |
| batch file, you must type it twice. For example, to specify the file|
| XYZ%.BAT, you must type it as XYZ%%.BAT in the batch file. |
| |
|----------------- T I M E M A S T E R ---------------------|